Rodent-borne diseases on the rise
SINCE the 2019 pandemic, public perception of infectious diseases has undergone a significant transformation.
While some segments of the population remained vigilant on hygiene, others have developed "information fatigue".
They have started letting down their guard, relying on their "natural immunity" to fight any infection.
However, the global healthcare landscape has shifted permanently, necessitating a fact-based approach to emerging viral threats.
The recent hantavirus outbreak serves as a critical case study in modern infectious disease management and community preparedness.
Alpro clinic general practitioner Dr Kam San Dhit says in Malaysia, leptospirosis is an endemic concern.
However, he adds that hantavirus also presents a similar public health challenge as both are spread by rodents.
As urbanisation and climate shifts alter rodent habitats, the risk of human exposure to contaminated "micro-dust" (saliva, urine and droppings) increases.
"Understanding this virus is essential for early detection and the prevention of local transmission."
While both diseases share similar hosts (rats), leptospirosis is caused by bacteria and treatable with antibiotics, whereas hantavirus requires different diagnostic markers and does not respond to antibiotics.
"Hantavirus is spread from person to person like Covid-19 and it can lead to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), a severe respiratory condition that can affect even healthy individuals. Medical intervention is necessary," he says.
Early infection (Days 1–5) is characterised by high fever, severe myalgia (particularly in the thighs, hips and back) and profound fatigue.
Secondary symptoms may include dizziness, headaches and gastrointestinal distress.
In the late phase, if the infection progresses to HPS, patients may experience a sudden onset of shortness of breath and persistent cough.
This indicates fluid accumulation in the lungs and requires immediate medical intervention.
"If you or your family members suspect any symptoms are amiss, or if there has been potential exposure to rodent-contaminated environments, please consult your family doctor immediately," says Dr Kam.
Early clinical assessment remains the most vital factor in successful recovery.
